Taking a Look at the Suffragette Movement - 669 Words

The Suffragette Movement was a group of women who were fighting for the right to vote. The movement started in 19th century and ended in the 20th century. The women of these times didn’t like the roles and jobs they were given by the society they were living in. Every day they would have to stay home, look after the children and clean the, they weren’t able to get a job. The movement allowed them to have an opinion towards politics. The Campaign for Women’s rights started in the 1800s. Many associations were created in during the movements. One of these was the Sheffield Female Political Association, which was formed to support the women in the House of Lords. Emmeline Pankhurst was a very important woman in the movement. She was born in 1858. Another association that was created was the Manchester Women’s Suffrage Society and it was formed in 1858. The Manchester Women’s Suffrage Society was founded in 1867. Four years later the Central Committee of the National Society for Women’s Suffrage was established. In 1903 the movement sped up when Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters created the Women’s Social and Political Union. Three years later, in 1909 Emmeline Pankhurst spent her first time in jail and she also started her first hunger strike. In 1913 Emily Wilding Davidson was killed at the Derby. In 1928 the fighting, protesting and campaign ended when women over 21 were able to vote. Although later it was changed so all women could vote. In the same year EmmelineShow MoreRelatedHow The Corset Evolved From A Staple Of The British Feminine Wardrobe1627 Words   |  7 Pageswardrobe of the Nineteenth Century into a symbol of an outmoded tradition – only to later return as a statement of female liberation. I am going to look at different aspects of this development including technological advances, economic facts, external events, particularly the First World War and changes in social, political and aesthetic attitudes. I will also look briefly at the role of Chanel on the silhouette and how this impacted on the corset: focusing on the trend to towards ‘opulent androgyny’ inRead MoreThe Effect of the First World War on the Decline of the Liberal Party1274 Words   |  6 Pagesachievements since their landslide victory in 1906, they were also plagued with many problems. For instance the: Constitutional Crisis; challenges from the Labour Party; increasing communist ideas; Trade Unions; Ireland and the Suffragette movement. These were all problems the Liberal Party had to face and combined meant national support for the Liberal was severely hindered. Dangerfield argues that it was not the war years that caused the failure of the Liberal GovernmentRead MoreEssay about The Changing Role and Status of Women in Britain Since 19001679 Words   |  7 Pagesflipside however, this meant women were powerless, because it was felt they were too gullible and feeble to look after themselves, or their property. From birth, women were looked upon as possessions, first their fathers, then their husbands. Their guardians also kept all their land, property and money. A working class woman usually had a large family to look after and also had to work to make ends meet, doing menial jobs like repairing clothes or making matchboxesRead More A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen Essay842 Words   |  4 Pageshad to mainly work as housewives (although there were exceptions) and for the men they had to get a job and bring in the income for there relationship to live. It was just â€Å"the done thing† there were no reasons why a man could not stay at home and look after the house why the women worked it was just the way people presumed it to go. This is still pushing the boundaries of today’s modern world, although there is many more single parents looking after children and not so many women staying atRead MoreWhy Did Some Women Get the Vote in 1918?2224 Words   |  9 Pagesdifferences between them. It shall proceed to discuss anti-suffrage, the role of politics, discuss how the war affected the women’s movement and finally the 1918 Representation of the People Act. It shall conclude was a summary of the points discussed. To understand the reasons behind some women getting the vote in 1918, one must look back at the history of the women’s movement to fully understand the reason female suffrage was sought and gained. In Victorian Britain there was a longstanding and persistentRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Women s Rights Essay1272 Words   |  6 Pages In the first ad I viewed, was the image of a suffragette laying in bed while ordering her husband around with the children. The words next to the picture read, â€Å"The Suffragist at home, we de dont know what we want but we’ll get it†. This message easily relates to women’s anti suffrage as it appears the women has power and she is using it to her advantage. The man in the picture is taking orders from his wife and the anti suffragettes are painting a picture that if women are allowed the sameRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1781 Words   |  8 Pagesrights movement seeks the advancement of socialism and the expense of individual rights, just as the â€Å"Brave New World† described in Huxley s book sacrifices the rights of man for the contentment of society. Gender equality has been brought up as an issue for ages, even dating as far back as ancient Rome. There were two recorded rebellions for women s rights in 331 B.C. and 180 B.C.. The petitioners were acceptingly claimed to have poisoned men for the sake of propaganda. The suffragette movementRead MoreThe Great Reform Act 18321809 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"The Cat and Mouse Act† was instituted.The Cat and Mouse Act, or legally known as The Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill Health) Act 1913 was an Act of Parliament which was passed in Britain under the Liberal government in 1913. Suffragettes(members of Suffrage movements, who were known as militants, members of (mainly) the WSPU - Women’s Social and Political Union) who were undertaking hunger strikes at the time would now be released from prison as soon as they became ill. The strikes themselvesRead MoreThe Women s Suffrage Movement Essay2565 Words   |  11 PagesAt a first glance, one might look at the curren t status of women’s rights and conclude that much has changed since the beginning of the twentieth century. This is not entirely untrue - women have indeed been granted universal suffrage in the United States. However, there are still significant challenges which women face in the present day. This paper seeks to understand the early women’s suffrage movement in all aspects, which will include individuals, events, and activism. Although it did not happenRead MoreMediation Between Mediation And Arbitration2360 Words   |  10 Pageslearned firsthand how conflict has changed when we tried to help Rwanda on a peacekeeping mission that drastically failed. With the new liberal government, they have promised to take part in more peacekeeping missions. To do so it is important that we look at these new theories that we have discovered since our failures. Peacekeeping is used to put an immediate end to conflict and to help the fighting parties rebuild. The peacekeepers take p art in many roles such as destroying surrendered weapons, training

Marketing Strategy A Competitive Advantage - 1712 Words

The marketing strategy pursued by a company is dictated by many factors, including size, product category, competition, and organizational structure. Strategy as defined in the text is â€Å"a planned set of actions employed to make best use of a companies core competencies to gain a competitive advantage†. (1) Implementing a successful internationalization business strategy is not confined to large MNEs, increasingly small to medium enterprises find them selves operating in a global market. A business must clearly understand the value added by its product or service to capitalize on their competitive advantage globally. It is useful to consider the internationalization-responsiveness (IR) framework when discussing the key differences between global, multidomestic and transnational strategies. (2) The framework compares the strengths and weaknesses of each strategy relative to the goal of global integration or local responsiveness. In terms of the IR framework a global st rategy emphasizes global efficiency, multidomestic strategy emphasizes the local market and a transnational strategy balances both end goals. Companies best suited to a global marketing strategy offer a homogeneous product or service with little customization required for localized markets. Firms using a global strategy enjoy the advantage of sourcing globally while concentrating production where direct competitive advantage exists. A centralized organizational structure simplifies communication andShow MoreRelatedTrader Joe s Introduction : Marketing Strategy And Competitive Advantage1180 Words   |  5 Pagesachievements are no doubt due to the company’s strategy and competitive advantage. Their strengths and weaknesses are also a critical component to understand when analyzing Trader Joe’s success, as well as its potential going forward. While Trader Joe faces some problems, these obstacles are by no means insurmountable. So how does Trader Joe’s achieve best-in-industry sales per square foot numbers and rank so favorably among consumers? Their corporate strategy of focused differentiation is the primaryRead More‘How Marketing Strategy Can Develop a Competitive Advantage for a Firm?: a Case of Hsbc’9720 Words   |  39 PagesResearch Title: ‘How marketing strategy can develop a competitive advantage for a firm?: A case of HSBC’ ABSTRACT HSBC is considered as one of the largest banks the world which claims itself as world’s local bank. This study is regarding the role of marketing strategy of HSBC in terms of gaining competitive advantage where a questionnaire survey was conducted to identify the impression of the bank in the consumer’s mind. Furthermore secondary data was also analyzed to identify the insight ofRead MoreImplementation And Monitoring Of E Marketing1646 Words   |  7 Pagespreconditions for implementing e-Marketing in any organization regardless its size or business field. These factors like: the existence clear and obvious strategy at an organization level, the presence of the marketing function within the organization, the domination of the marketing function in the development, implementation and monitoring of e-Marketing results, and the presence of a database and building customer relationships. on the other hand the implementation of e-Marketing can be identified withRead MoreStr ategic Marketing Management Essay689 Words   |  3 PagesStrategic Marketing Management Sample Exam Questions Question 1: a. Is the PLC (Product life cycle) concept useful in developing Marketing strategies? Describe why or why not? What are the limitations of the PLC concept? A strategy is a fundamental pattern of present and planned objectives, resource deployments, and interactions of an organisation with markets, competitors and other environmental factors. b. What are the advantages available to Google with their GoogleRead MoreRelationship Between Customer Loyalty And Marketing Strategy1662 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing Mix The relationship between Customer Loyalty and Marketing Strategy? Introduction In today’s business environment, the concept of customer loyalty is becoming a growing interest in the area of relationship marketing. Many marketers and researchers persist with loyalty strategies as they thought loyal customers create profitable rewards. However, a recent work done by Heiner Evanschitsky states the other side that this may not always be the case. The following assignment is investigatingRead MoreKudler Fine Foods1093 Words   |  5 Pages050-1,400-word paper justify the importance of marketing research in the development of Kudler Fine Food ¡Ã‚ ¦s marketing strategy and tactics, and identify the areas where additional market research is needed. Also, analyze the importance of competitive intelligence and analysis in regards to the development of Kudler Fine Food ¡Ã‚ ¦s marketing strategy and tactics. Strategy and Marketing Research In the emerging economy, a firm s only advantage is its ability to leverage and utilize its knowledgeRead MoreCase Study : My Company Arimont Is About The Deodorant / Antiperspirant1296 Words   |  6 Pageswe have will also be made into wipes and this is a first for this in deodorants. â€Å"Companies gain advantage against the world’s best competitors because of pressure and challenge. They benefit from having strong domestic rivals, aggressive home-based suppliers, and demanding local customers.† (https://hbr.org/1990/03/the-competitive-advantage-of-nations). The company Arimount competitive advantage is that our company must have lots of pressure and also we must challenge all of the competitors outRead MorePositioning a Product or Brand969 Words   |  4 Pagesconfusion can appear in the message. Comparing with the competition the products of Amazon are with high quality and lower price. On the Ansoff matrix below is shown what growth strategies for new and existing products and markets can be used from the company. BCG Matrix Relative market share The marketing plan of Amazon is focused on increasing the costumer traffic on their website, strengthen and expend the brand name, encourage repeatable purchase, developing revenue opportunitiesRead MoreSmall Business Strategy And Offer A Model Approach1352 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract One of the most critical activities for a business is to gain and sustain a competitive advantage. This activity can be difficult and time-consuming, especially for a small business where there are many businesses already established in the same industry. Unfortunately, some new business owners do not understand how to gain a competitive advantage or they fail to recognize how important doing this can be for the success of their company. Some new ventures do not secure a market positionRead MoreMgc1 Study Guide 21064 Words   |  5 Pagesbegins with a situation analysis of the external and internal forces affecting the organization.  Ã‚  This examination helps identify and diagnose issues and problems and may bring to the surface alternative goals and plans for the firm.  Ã‚  Next, the advantages and disadvantages of these goals and plans should be evaluated against one another.  Ã‚  Once a set of goals and a plan have been selected, implementation involves communicating the plan to employees, allocating resources, and making certain that other

CUSTOMER SERVICE CRISIS AT CCS Essay Example For Students

CUSTOMER SERVICE CRISIS AT CCS Essay CUSTOMER SERVICE CRISIS AT CCS Essay Introduction It has come to our attention that there are severe discrepancies with our customer services. There have been many complaints over the last 12 months about delays, malfunctions, missing parts, no answer when calling for help, rude treatment, overcharging and so forth. A few resolutions were implemented however, these problems still persist. Purpose and scope Due to these problems we were all assigned to produce a report that not only explains the data of our research but also come up with constructive solutions to solve the problems and gain back the confidence with our customers. Sources and Methods In preparing this report, the management department of CSS has made internal and external surveys to access the situation. We the managers of CSS, form the research we have made we found some significant findings and we have present them in charts to help us to understand this serious problem about the customer crisis that our company has. We have analyzed these figures and we have make suggestions and solutions so the customer crisis will resolve. Report Organization This report reviews the extent of our customer complaints over the last 12 months and recommends measurements to reduce the problem. We have reviewed each complaint individually. Figure 1 Customers complains over the last 12 months Delays in responding After analyzing the internal and external surveys it came to our attention that the largest complaint from our customers was our customer services delay in responding. This includes our delay when answering calls and implementing solutions to our customers complaints whether be with our products or services. To be exact 30% or our complaints are to do with this. After extensive external research we concluded that a Voice Activated Answering Machine (VAAM) would effectively solve this problem. This smart device operates via tone touch phones. It acts as an operator allowing our callers to choose via a touch of the phone key to be connected to the desired department in request. For instance complaints can be made directly in one department and malfunctions in another. This includes orders etc and vice versa. The VAAM system isnt only time saving but also money saving as it eliminates the need for incompetent employees. There is also the option of directly eliminating incompetent staff or recruiting new employees however, we believe the VAAM system is a golden solution. This is not only due to its innovative functions but also the package deal CYTA Telecommunications has offered to us if we apply by the end of the month. The VAAM system can be operated both in the native Greek and well known English language, including many fringe benefits for the set price of 1000 pounds for installation and a 25% discount on our monthly bills. We believe that it is a worthy bargain. Product Malfunction, Missing Parts Overcharge After checking our product line it came to our attention that annually 25% of our products were faulty and 20% had missing parts. This has proven to be costly for our company and it has begun to hinder our customers confidence in doing business with CSS. After observing our shipping department we noticed that the problem was with our current retailer/manufacturer Retrospect. It also came to our attention that many of its customers (not only CSS) suffer similar problems. Thus we researched other potential retailers and manufacturers and were lucky to find two companies Alkaline Inc and Vodavex Installations, to not only provide our existing product line but even more innovative products at a matching price including favorable offers when buying in bulk. This in turn will eliminate our 2% complaint of our products being over priced. After our calculations were made we realized that we would benefit from economies of scale. .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7 , .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7 .postImageUrl , .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7 , .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7:hover , .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7:visited , .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7:active { border:0!important; } .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7:active , .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7 .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u519c821c9cc89583d3bcdedb255c33d7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hydrologic Cycle Essay In other words by purchasing in bulk our costs are minimized and in return we can offer quality goods at very competitive prices. In return sales will increase. More information and catalogues will be sent to us by the 30th of May. A personal meeting with these two companies can also be easily arranged. Rude Treatment In regards to many formal complaints about our customer treatment it was confirmed that our telephone operators were not right for the job. They lack empathy towards .

war Essays (569 words) - Gettysburg Campaign, The Killer Angels

Between the days of July 1, 1863 and July 4, 1863, the Civil War?s outcome was decided. These four days have been known as the Battle of Gettysburg, the turning point of the war. In The Killer Angels, Michael Shaara brings us a vivid image of what the battle was like. Shaara?s work is very impressive. He is able to capture how things were during the Civil War. The fate of the country was resting on that war so the novel adds a great deal to the reader?s mind. Shaara was able to bring to the reader a little of the war. The book also gives you a feel for some of the important characters of the battle, including Lee, Longstreet, Pickett, Buford, and Hancock. The most inspiring figure in the book, however, is Colonel Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain. He led the 20th Maine regiment of volunteers who held the Union's left flank on the second day of the battle. The Killer Angels gives us an idea on how war affects people. The characters could have been anyone. The author focuses in on universal emotions, not great figures. For example, everyone has always heard of Grant and Lee because of their importance. But few have heard stories about the common soldier. The book centralizes on the actions of the common soldier, even though it is from the leader?s point o view. Emotion in the story affects even generals. Several times in the book you can see that they feel for those lost in battle. Usually, generals are often portrayed as being larger than life. Shaara adds a human touch to them. One conclusion that could be drawn from the book is that the Confederates quick start had some effect. Outnumbered, the Union forces managed to hold until afternoon when they were overpowered and driven back. In the confusion, thousands of Union soldiers were captured before they could rally on Cemetery Hill. The Confederates had captured the town. Pickett?s charge was the Confederates last chance to change the outcome of the battle. The charge turned out to be a total failure and Pickett lost almost all of his division after that defeat. When he returned to Lee, he was ordered to prepare against a possible Union counterattack. Pickett then replied, General Lee, I have no division now. With the failure of the charge the battle was over - the Union had been saved. The next day, July 4, Lee?s army had to retreat. Shaara use of evidence was greatly seen throughout the novel. Just by reading it, I had an excellent idea of what the Battle of Gettysburg was. His novel could easily be transformed into a history textbook because it gives just as much information as one. If you were to read an article on the battle, you would find almost the same information that you would find in this book. The writer?s writing style is one that I have never seen before. He has a way for detailing all events that it is easy to visualize them. Nothing is left to the imagination. Shaara manages to strike a balance and his tale is very well told. The book also starts slow but things pick up as it r eaches the middle. Once things do become active, the novel does not let up much. The excitement goes all the way to the very last pages

Breakfast Of Champions Essays - Kilgore Trout,

Breakfast Of Champions Book Report on Breakfast of Champions By Marcel Burney When one hears the phrase Breakfast of Champions, he envisions a grinning picture of Tiger Woods, Michael Jordan slam dunking, or Dale Earnhardt in a racecar on a box of Wheaties, a popular breakfast cereal. A few avid Saturday Night Live fans might recall a skit performed by James Belushi. In the skit, Belushis Breakfast of Champions was beer, cigarettes, and donuts. Neither of these examples are the subject of Kurt Vonneguts Breakfast of Champions or Good Bye Blue Morning. A Breakfast of Champions is actually a martini. Breakfast of Champions is a work of fiction with semi-autobiographical allusions. The main characters of the book are Kilgore Trout, Dwayne Hoover, and Philboyd Sludge. Kilgore Trout installs aluminum combination storm windows and screens and writes science fiction novels and short stories. He has no ambition to be a famous writer, so he sends his works to pornographic magazine companies to be published. The names and characters of his works are often changed in the process, and he is rarely paid for his efforts. Dwayne Hoover owns a successful Pontiac dealership. He slowly loses his sanity as the plot unfolds. Philboyd Sludge creates these characters and appears in the story to watch the characters as the story progresses. Breakfast of Champions depicts the story of Kilgores travel to Midland City to speak at a festival of arts. Kilgore, at first, rejects the invitation, but he decides to go because he wants to be a representative of all the thousands of artists who devoted their entire lives to a search for truth and beautyand didnt find doodley-squat (37). He intends to hitchhike to Midland City and appear at the arts festival as a nasty old man. Along the way, he is robbed. He continues hitchhiking and is picked up various truckers. He walks to his hotel after being caught in a traffic jam a mile away. Kilgores arrives at the hotel. He prepares to make a grand entrance as a red-eyed, filthy old creature but is thwarted when the desk clerk recognizes him. Kilgore cleans-up and travels down to the cocktail lounge, where he would soon meet Dwayne Hoover. Kilgores luminescent shirt under the ultraviolet lights attracts Hoover to his table. Hoover demands for Kilgore to give him the message. Hoover snatches Now It Can Be Told, one of Kilgores novels, from the table. The book says that there is only one being with free will, everyone else is a robot (253). The book drives Hoover insane. He believes he is the only one with free will. He begins attacking people in the lounge. He bites off Kilgores middle finger. Hoover leaves the hotel and attacks the people he meets outside until he is placed in a mental hospital. After Kilgore leaves the hospital, he meets Philboyd Sludge, who reveals that he is Kilgores creator. Philboyd then frees him. Vonnegut makes several social commentaries throughout the novel. The most noticeable are color and freedom. He describes Christopher Columbus as a white sea pirate who discovers a land already settled by the copper-colored Native Americans (11). The sea pirates created a government which became a beacon of freedom to human beings everywhere else (10). However, the sea pirates created a government that owned slaves, which were black. The system of slavery and oppression of Native Americans totally contradicted the foundation of America. Philboyd freed Kilgore at the end of the novel, which was similar to the emancipation of the slaves. I enjoyed reading Vonneguts Breakfast of Champions. The book provided a fresh insight on society, even though it was written in 1973. I enjoyed the chaos that Kilgore created along his travel to Midland City. His influenced people to rename mirrors to leaks, which implied that mirrors were leaks to other universes. Kilgore also convinced the police department and newspaper to believe that a purely fictional gang, the Pluto Gang, attacked and robbed him. An article was published in the paper, which caused parents to warn their children to watch out for the Pluto Gang. Vonnegut describes society fairly accurately. The book made me look at history and society in a new light. Book Reports

Scientific and Social Definitions of Race

Scientific and Social Definitions of Race Its a common belief that race can be broken down into three categories: Negroid, Mongoloid and Caucasoid. But according to science, thats not so. While the American concept of race took off in the late 1600s and persists even today, researchers now argue that there’s no scientific basis for race. So, what exactly is race, and what are its origins? The Difficulty of Grouping People Into Races According to John H. Relethford, author of The Fundamentals of Biological Anthropology, race â€Å"is a group of populations that share some biological characteristics†¦.These populations differ from other groups of populations according to these characteristics.† Scientists can divide some organisms into racial categories easier than others, such as those which remain isolated from one another in different environments. In contrast, the race concept doesn’t work so well with humans. That’s because not only do humans live in a wide range of environments, they also travel back and forth between them. As a result, there’s a high degree of gene flow among people groups that make it hard to organize them into discrete categories. Skin color remains a primary trait Westerners use to place people into racial groups. However, someone of African descent may be the same skin shade as someone of Asian descent. Someone of Asian descent may be the same shade as someone of European descent. Where does one race end and another begin? In addition to skin color, features such as hair texture and face shape have been used to classify people into races. But many people groups cannot be categorized as Caucasoid, Negroid or Mongoloid, the defunct terms used for the so-called three races. Take Native Australians, for instance. Although typically dark-skinned, they tend to have curly hair which is often light colored. â€Å"On the basis of skin color, we might be tempted to label these people as African, but on the basis of hair and facial shape they might be classified as European,† Relethford writes. â€Å"One approach has been to create a fourth category, the ‘Australoid.’† Why else is grouping people by race difficult? The concept of race posits that more genetic variation exists interracially than intra-racially  when the opposite is true. Only about 10 percent of variation in humans exists between the so-called races. So, how did the concept of race take off in the West, particularly in the United States? The Origins of Race in America The America of the early 17th century was in many ways more progressive in its treatment of blacks than the country would be for decades to come. In the early 1600s, African Americans could trade, take part in court cases and acquire land. Slavery based on race did not yet exist. â€Å"There was really no such thing as race then,† explained anthropologist Audrey Smedley, author of Race in North America: Origins of a Worldview, in a 2003 PBS interview. â€Å"Although ‘race’ was used as a categorizing term in the English language, like ‘type’ or ‘sort’ or ‘kind, it did not refer to human beings as groups.† While race-based slavery wasn’t a practice, indentured servitude was. Such servants tended to be overwhelmingly European. Altogether, more Irish people lived in servitude in America than Africans. Plus, when African and European servants lived together, their difference in skin color did not surface as a barrier. â€Å"They played together, they drank together, they slept together†¦The first mulatto child was born in 1620 (one year after the arrival of the first Africans),† Smedley noted. On many occasions, members of the servant class- European, African and mixed-race- rebelled against the ruling landowners. Fearful that a united servant population would usurp their power, the landowners distinguished Africans from other servants, passing laws that stripped those of African or Native American  descent of rights. During this period, the number of servants from Europe declined, and the number of servants from Africa rose. Africans were skilled in trades such as farming, building, and metalwork that made them desired servants. Before long, Africans were viewed exclusively as slaves and, as a result, sub-human. As for Native Americans, they were regarded with great curiosity by the Europeans, who surmised that they descended from the lost tribes of Israel, explained historian Theda Perdue, author of Mixed Blood Indians: Racial Construction in the Early South, in a PBS interview. This belief meant that Native Americans were essentially the same as Europeans. They’d simply adopted a different way of life because they’d been separated from Europeans, Perdue posits. â€Å"People in the 17th century†¦were more likely to distinguish between Christians and heathens than they were between people of color and people who were white†¦,† Perdue said. Christian conversion could make American Indians fully human, they thought. But as Europeans strove to convert and assimilate Natives, all the while seizing their land, efforts were underway to provide a scientific rationale for Africans’ alleged inferiority to Europeans. In the 1800s, Dr. Samuel Morton argued that physical differences between races could be measured, most notably by brain size. Morton’s successor in this field, Louis Agassiz, began â€Å"arguing that blacks are not only inferior but they’re a separate species altogether,† Smedley said. Wrapping Up Thanks to scientific advances, we can now say definitively that individuals such as Morton and Aggasiz are wrong. Race is fluid and thus difficult to pinpoint scientifically. â€Å"Race is a concept of human minds, not of nature,† Relethford writes. Unfortunately, this view hasn’t completely caught on outside of scientific circles. Still, there are signs times have changed. In 2000, the U.S. Census allowed Americans to identify as multiracial for the first time. With this shift, the nation allowed its citizens to blur the lines between the so-called races, paving the way for a future when such classifications no longer exist.​

Manufacturing process for (intermediate modulus) IM Carbon fibre Coursework

Manufacturing process for (intermediate modulus) IM Carbon fibre reinforced composites - Coursework Example In certain procedures, the plastic is combined with some chemicals and forced through minute jets into an element bath or stimulate chamber where the plastic congeals and hardens into fibers. This is alike to the procedure applied to give polyacrylic textile fibers. Alternatively, the plastic combination is heated and propelled via minute jets into a chamber where the solvents vaporize, and remains a solid fiber (Mazumdar, 2002). The spinning stage is significant since the internal atomic arrangement of the fiber is made during this procedure. The fibers then are cleaned and strained to the preferred fiber breadth. The straining aids align the particles within the fiber and delivers the root for the creation of the firmly bonded carbon crystals after carbonization. Before carbonizing the fibers, they are chemically changed to transform their linear atomic bonding to a further thermally steady stepladder bonding. This is fulfilled by heating them in air to around 390-590Â ° F for between 120 minutes. This grounds the fibers to take oxygen particles from the air and reposition their nuclear bonding arrangement. The steadying chemical reactions are composite and include numerous steps, several of which happen concurrently (Morgan, 2005)... They too produce their particular heat, which ought to be controlled to evade overheating the fibers. Commercially, the steadiness procedure uses a variation of apparatus and systems. In some courses, the fibers are drained via a sequence of heated chambers. In others, the fibers are passed over rollers at high temperatures and through beds of unattached materials seized in suspension by a movement of hot air. Some methods use heated air combined with some gases which chemically hasten the stabilization. After the stabilization, the fibers are then heated to a temperature of around 1,830-5,500Â ° F for a number of minutes in a furnace full of a gas combination that does not comprise oxygen. The absence of oxygen avoids